Pro dan Kontra Nabi Muhammad Menikahi Anak Berusia 6 Tahun

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Faith Freedom Indonesia
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Muhamad dan Aisyah - Menikahi Anak 6-7 Tahun Ketika Muhammad Berusia 50 Tahun
Pernikahan Dini Istri Nabi Muhammad
Kalangan umat muslim sendiri terpecah dua dalam hal perkawinan Muhammad (50 th) dengan Aisha (6 th).
Satu kalangan mengatakan bahwa memang benar Muhammad mengawini Aisha pada umur 6 th dan menidurinya pada umur 9 th karena memang tercatat demikian dalam beberapa hadis Sahih (Bukhari dan Muslim) dan berupaya membela habis-habisan alasan Muhammad meniduri Aisha pada usia 9 th dengan mengesampingkan seluruh nilai moral dan hati nurani yang ada, misalnya umur 9 th sudah matang secara fisik atau sudah mens yang artinya sudah siap utk ditiduri tanpa memperhatikan sisi psikologisnya sama sekali.
Kalangan lain, mungkin karena lebih memperhatikan nilai2 moral dan hati nurani, berupaya mati-matian menyanggah bahwa Muhammad menikahi Aisha pada usia 6 th dengan mengajukan hipotesa2 bahwa Aisha waktu itu sudah berumur paling tidak 16 th, dan dengan sendirinya menyanggah kesahihan hadis yang sudah dinyatakan sahih.
Kedua pendapat tersebut di atas sama2 merupakan upaya untuk membersihkan "cacat" yang ada, tetapi upaya kedua kalangan tsb tidak menolong.
Jika memang benar Muhammad meniduri anak 9 th yang masih bermain dengan bonekanya, maka nilai moral yang disunnahkan oleh Nabi Muhammad sangat "menjijikkan" dan tidak bisa diterima oleh siapa saja yang masih bermoral dan berhati nurani. Seorang Nabi selayaknya memberikan standar nilai moral yang tinggi dan bukan terbawa arus jaman itu.
Jika ternyata Muhammad mengawini Aisha bukan pada umur 6 th spt yang tercatat dalam hadis2 sahih, maka bagaimana kesahihan hadis2 tsb dapat dipertanggunjawabkan ? Dengan sendirinya Al Quran juga layak dipertanyakan kesahihan, keaslian dan keabsahannya. Tetapi untuk topik ini, kita akan mempertanyakan nilai2 moral apa yang hendak diajarkan oleh Nabi Besar kepada umat muslim dengan:
1. Mencontohkan mengawini anak ingusan berusia 6 th dan menidurinya pada usia 9 th.
Sahih Bukhari. Vol 7, Book 62. Wedlock, Marriage (Nikaah). Hadith 065.
Narrated By 'Aisha: That the Prophet married her when she was six years old and he consummated
his marriage when she was nine years old. Hisham said: I have been informed that 'Aisha
remained with the Prophet for nine years (i.e. till his death)."
Sahih Muslim. Book 8. Marriage. Hadith 3310.

'Aisha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) married me
when I was six years old, and I was admitted to his house when I was nine years old.
2. Menyatakan bahwa "legitnya" Aisha yang berumur 9 th secara fisik, seperti tharid (hidangan roti dan daging), tidak ada bandingannya.
Sahih Bukhari. Volume 4, Book 55, Number 623:
Narrated Abu Musa: Allah's Apostle said, "Many amongst men reached (the level of) perfection
but none amongst the women reached this level except Asia, Pharaoh's wife, and Mary, the
daughter of 'Imran. And no doubt, the superiority of 'Aisha to other women is like the
superiority of Tharid (i.e. a meat and bread dish) to other meals."
3. Menganjurkan untuk mengawini anak2 gadis perawan yang masih ingusan sehingga bisa meraba2 mereka dan bermain2 dengan mereka.
Sahih Bukhari. Vol 7, Book 62. Wedlock, Marriage (Nikaah). Hadith 017.
Narrated By Jabir bin 'Abdullah : When I got married, Allah's Apostle said to me, "What type of
lady have you married?" I replied, "I have married a matron' He said, "Why, don't you have a
liking for the virgins and for fondling them?" Jabir also said: Allah's Apostle said, "Why
didn't you marry a young girl so that you might play with her and she with you?'
Menurut hadis-hadis SAHIH berikut ini, Aisah dinikahi Muhammad pada usia 6 tahun dan ditiduri/digauli pada usia 9 th.
Sunan Abu Dawud, Vol. 2, #2116:

"Aisha said, "The Apostle of Allah married me when I was seven years old." (The narrator Sulaiman
said: "Or six years."). "He had intercourse with me when I was 9 years old."
Sahih Bukhari Volume 7, Book 62, Number 64

Narrated 'Aisha: that the Prophet married her when she was six years old and he consummated his
marriage when she was nine years old, and then she remained with him for nine years (i.e., till
his death).
Sahih Bukhari Volume 7, Book 62, Number 65

Narrated 'Aisha: that the Prophet married her when she was six years old and he consummated his
marriage when she was nine years old. Hisham said: I have been informed that 'Aisha remained with
the Prophet for nine years (i.e. till his death)."
Sahih Bukhari Volume 7, Book 62, Number 88

Narrated 'Ursa: The Prophet wrote the (marriage contract) with 'Aisha while she was six years old
and consummated his marriage with her while she was nine years old and she remained with him for
nine years (i.e. till his death).
Sahih Bukhari Volume 5, Book 58, Number 236


Narrated Hisham's father: Khadija died three years before the Prophet departed to Medina. He
stayed there for two years or so and then he married 'Aisha when she was a girl of six years of
age, and he consumed (sic – consummated) that marriage when she was nine years old.
Apakah "consummated the marriage" berarti melakukan hubungan intim? Jawabnya YA. : Argumentasi dari Muslim bahwa pada usia 9 th Aisha sudah haid juga tidak tepat karena menurut hadis-hadis yang sahih pada usia tsb Aisha masih BELUM haid.


Pengantin wanita di usia kanak-kanak.
Dari sumber hadis yang sahih, kita bisa melihat bahwa pada usia 9 th saat digauli, Aisha masih belum akil baliq. Bahkan dari hadis2 tsb pada usia sekitar 14-15 saat perang Khaybar, Aisha masih belum haid karena masih bermain dengan boneka. Dalam aturan hukum Islam yang ketat pada jaman Nabi, bermain boneka hanya diperbolehkan bagi anak2 kecil yang belum akil baliq. Kesimpulannya, Aisha belum akil baliq pada usia 9 th saat digauli, bahkan pada usia 14-15 pun saat perang Khaybar dia belum haid.
Sunan Abu Dawud, Vol. 2, #2116:

"Aisha said, "The Apostle of Allah married me when I was seven years old." (The narrator Sulaiman
said: "Or six years."). "He had intercourse with me when I was 9 years old."

Sahih Bukhari Volume 8, Book 73, Number 151


Narrated 'Aisha: I used to play with the dolls in the presence of the Prophet, and my girl
friends also used to play with me. When Allah's Apostle used to enter (my dwelling place) they
used to hide themselves, but the Prophet would call them to join and play with me. (The playing
with the dolls and similar images is forbidden, but it was allowed for 'Aisha at that time, as she
was a little girl, not yet reached the age of puberty.) (Fateh-al-Bari page 143, Vol.13)
Sunan Abu Dawud. Book 36. General Behavior. Hadith 4914.

Narrated 'Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin : When the Apostle of Allah (pbuh) arrived after the expedition
to Tabuk or Khaybar (the narrator is doubtful), the draught raised an end of a curtain which was
hung in front of her store-room, revealing some dolls which belonged to her.

He asked: What is this? She replied: My dolls. Among them he saw a horse with wings made of
rags, and asked: What is this I see among them? She replied: A horse. He asked: What is this that
it has on it? She replied: Two wings. He asked: A horse with two wings? She replied: Have you not
heard that Solomon had horses with wings? She said: Thereupon the Apostle of Allah (pbuh) laughed
so heartily that I could see his molar teeth.

Alasan bahwa Muhammad mengawini Aisha adalah untuk memperkuat tali persaudaraan dengan "suadara angkatnya" Abu Bakr juga tidak valid karena Abu Bakar jelas keberatan karena mereka adalah saudara angkat. Tetapi Muhammad tetap memaksa dan mengatakan tidak menjadi masalah padahal dia pernah menolak tawaran dari Hamza, saudara angkatnya juga, untuk menikasih puterinya:
Menurut hadis berikut Abu Bakr keberatan saat Muhammad melamar Aisah.
Sahih Bukhari. Volume 7. Book 62. No. 18


Narrated 'Ursa: The Prophet asked Abu Bakr for 'Aisha's hand in marriage. Abu Bakr said "But I am
your brother." The Prophet said, "You are my brother in Allah's religion and His Book, but she
(Aisha) is lawful for me to marry."
Abu Bakr sebenarnya tidak salah karena dalam tradisi bangsa Arab persaudaran walaupun saudara angkat sama artinya dengan saudara kandung. Demikian juga dengan anak angkat. Adalah tabu mengawini anak saudara angkat atau isteri anak angkat menurut moral bangsa2 Arab pada waktu itu.
Muhammad sendiri pun menolak saat ditawarkan untuk menikahi puteri Hamza (yang juga adalah saudara angkat spt halnya Abu Bakr) dengan alasan bahwa anak Hamza adalah keponakan angkatnya (seperti halnya Aisha juga adalah keponakannya):
Sahih Bukhari. Volume 7, Book 62, Number 37:

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: It was said to the Prophet, "Won't you marry the daughter of Hamza?" He said,
"She is my foster niece (brother's daughter). "